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Space Law & Sustainability Center

VU Amsterdam has repeatedly been recognized as the most sustainable university in the Netherlands and, in 2023, made a groundbreaking decision to cut ties with fossil fuel companies that do not comply with the Paris Agreement. It is only natural for our university’s focus on sustainable development to extend beyond Earth’s boundaries.

The Space Law & Sustainability Center is founded by two existing VU institutes, Amsterdam Law & Technology Institute (ALTI) and Amsterdam Sustainability Institute (ASI), with the purpose of providing an interdepartmental platform for dialogue and multidisciplinary collaboration within the VU Amsterdam community, focusing on the expanding scope of human activities in outer space. The Center enhances cross-faculties collaboration by demonstrating how ‘space’ connects multiple expertise because it acts as an enabler for the fulfilment of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

The Amsterdam Center for Space Law & Sustainability contributes to the activities of the UNSDSN Dutch chapter hosted at VU Amsterdam. Externally, the Center engages in valorization and impact activities within the Dutch ecosystem and at international level. It aims to collaborate with universities, research centers, the private sector, NGOs and public bodies.

Mission

Our mission is to critically assess the wide range of risks and opportunities associated with the space sector while embracing a solution-oriented mindset. We raise awareness on the critical importance of adopting sustainable and responsible practices in space activities alongside clear governance and regulatory frameworks. Implementing these measures are urgently needed in order to avoid adverse effects similar to those driven by human activities on Earth, such as climate change, warfare, hunger, invasion of privacy, and inequality, as just a few of the global challenges that humanity is currently facing. 

Research topics

In our quest for sustainable space, we focus on the following main topics:

  • Space Pollution The increasing accumulation of debris in Earth’s orbit threatens both the operations in outer space as well as life on Earth. We analyze the origins and impact of space pollution, assess the effectiveness of existing remediation and mitigation strategies, and explore the need for international regulations clarifying the regime of space debris and space traffic management, in line with the United Nations Pact of the Future (Resolution A/RES/79/1)

Intended collaborations: environmental studies, environmental law, economics, law, physics, astronomy.

  • Space Militarization, Warfare, and Private Actors The growing involvement of state and private entities in space raises concerns about weaponization, security dilemmas, and geopolitical tensions. We investigate the legal and strategic implications of military activities in space, the expanding role of commercial actors in defense-related operations, and the necessity of regulatory frameworks to ensure stability and prevent conflict.

Intended collaborations: political and security studies, law, economic, social sciences, philosophy. 

  • Future Generations and Ethics in Space Decisions made today regarding space exploration, resource extraction, and planetary occupancy will shape opportunities and risks for future generations. We assess how these activities align with principles of intergenerational justice, focusing on environmental sustainability, governance, and equitable access for all.

Intended collaborations: humanities, theology, law, social sciences, psychology. 

  • Critical Technologies: Artificial Intelligence and Quantum in Space We explore the potential of critical technologies alongside the vulnerabilities they introduce in space operations. We critically assess the challenges in ensuring their responsible development and use within an evolving legal and policy framework, at national, regional and international levels. 

Intended collaborations: computer science, law, business administration, theology, humanities. 

  • Ownership Rights in Outer Space While international space law prohibits sovereign claims over celestial bodies, the commercialization of space resources remains legally complex. We analyze the ambiguities surrounding resource extraction, the conflicts between commercial interests and the law, and the need for a coherent legal framework to govern the legal status of space resources. 

Intended collaborations: law, theology, humanities, social sciences, environmental studies, environmental law, economics, astronomy

Curious to learn more?

Get in touch with the coordinator of the Amsterdam Space Law & Sustainability Center, Dr. Ioana Bratu.

Dr. Ioana Bratu

Assistant Professor in Space Law

Would you like to know more?

Get in touch with ASI

info.asi@vu.nl

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