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Research Project - Bureaucratic Debris

When governments end programmes for homeless populations, what happens to the specialised services, trained staff, and equipment built for them? In 2025, São Paulo displaced hundreds of people from 'Crackland'—an area where drug users and homeless individuals had lived for 30 years. People scattered, but ambulances designed for street healthcare, police trained in specific tactics, and social workers with specialised expertise remained.

This project investigates whether these remnants of "dead" policies continue influencing how cities govern vulnerable populations. Understanding this matters urgently as cities worldwide increasingly displace marginalised groups, leaving behind invisible governmental debris shaping future policy in unexpected ways. 

This project is funded by a NWO Open Competition XS grant, and it will run from September 2026 to September 2028. 

More about the project

  • Research Focus

    This research proposes that governmental assemblages persist and act beyond policy termination as bureaucratic debris. The core speculation is that when programs end, their constitutive elements — professional expertise, material technologies, administrative protocols, institutional relationships — become agentive debris thatshapes how states subsequently govern marginalized populations. 

    The central research question is: What happens to these fragments of shredded governance, and how do they affect subsequent policy interventions and bureaucratic practice? Do harm reduction workers trained in now-terminated protocols apply that expertise to new contexts, inadvertently constraining or enabling different approaches? Do enforcement tactics developed for concentrated populations get repurposed when encountering scattered individuals? The high-risk dimension is genuine uncertainty: bureaucracies might simply adapt efficiently, reassigning personnel and repurposing equipment without meaningful friction, obsolete frameworks might quietly disappear, and displaced populations might find past program participation irrelevant to present state encounters. 

  • Research Team

    Flávio Eiró — Principal Investigator 
    Assistant Professor, Social and Cultural Anthropology · VU Amsterdam 

    Flávio Eiró works at the intersection of political anthropology, sociology, and public administration, with research on how citizens, frontline workers, and political actors construct and contest the state in everyday practice, primarily in Brazil. His research focuses on how international interventions reshape state authority and everyday institutional practice, with particular attention to legitimacy, accountability, and colonial entanglements.

    Guglielmo Guatteri 
    PhD candidate, University of são Paulo and VU Amsterdam 

    Giordano Magri 
    Research associate 


  • News & Events

    To be announced.

  • Outputs & (Related) Publications

    • Eiró, F., and  G. Magri.  2026. “ Home at the Margins: Police Violence, Evictions, and the Resistance to Belonging in São Paulo's ‘Cracolândia’.” PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review  49, no. 2: e70069. https://doi.org/10.1111/plar.70069 
    • Magri G and Eiró F (2025) Shattered trust: Police violence and survival at the margins of the state in São Paulo's ‘Crackland’, Journal of Legal Anthropology, 8(2), 15-42. https://doi.org/10.3167/jla.2024.080202  
    • Magri G and Eiró F (2025) “A política nas ruas: poder e violência na interação das forças de segurança com grupos marginalizados”. In Lotta G and Pires R (eds), Na linha de frente: avanços e contribuições dos estudos sobre burocracia do nível de rua no Brasil. Brasília, ENAP, pp. 239-258. [available here] 
    • Magri G, Amparo AG, Eiró F, and Lotta G (2024) “A ‘Cracolândia’ pelos usuários: Como as pessoas que vivem nas ruas do território percebem as políticas públicas”, São Paulo: Centro de Estudos da Metrópole. Available here.

Contact

For inquiries about the project, collaboration opportunities, or media requests, please contact:

Dr. Flávio Eiró 
E-mail: f.eiro@vu.nl
Principal Investigator, New Imperial Utopias 
Assistant Professor, Social and Cultural Anthropology 

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