Theology PhD candidates from post-Soviet countries face distinct academic, cultural and logistical barriers, according to research from theologian Katharina Penner. She recommends tailored support structures, combining structured supervision, skills training and intercultural awareness to improve their success and wellbeing
PhD candidates encounter ideological, historic-cultural and contextual differences between home and host systems, alongside language barriers, limited access to theological resources and ongoing economic and political disruptions,’ Penner explains. ‘These factors create additional burdens beyond those experienced by other PhD candidates.’
Academic potential and contribution to theology
At the same time, their work holds significant promise. ‘Their research can enrich theological discourse with creative and original ideas from contexts that have long been isolated,’ Penner notes, highlighting the importance of enabling their academic and professional development.
Effective supervision and skills development
‘PhD candidates benefit from a creative mix of structured guidance and apprenticeship-style learning. Additional training in research methods, critical thinking, and academic English writing is essential.’ Supervisors, Penner adds, should be aware of intercultural differences and receive appropriate institutional support at the right moments.
Community and belonging in doctoral studies
The findings also highlight the importance of community. ‘Different settings can help reduce academic and theological isolation and provide space for shared theological reflection. Being part of both culturally similar peer groups and international research communities helps reduce feelings of distance and isolation.’
Implications for universities and supervisors
For universities, the message is clear. Penner says: ‘Programmes and support systems must take PhD candidates’ backgrounds, circumstances, and previous education into account. Institutions should also recognise the extra pressure on supervisors and offer them proper professional development.’
Role of faith-based organisations
Faith-based organisations also have an important role. ‘Churches and academic networks can support the overall development of these “teachers of the Church”,’ Penner concludes, 'especially in their academic, spiritual, and missional formation.'
Research approach and methodology
Penners' research is based on semi-structured interviews with 22 mostly international, part-time PhD candidates from post-Soviet countries. Using an interpretative phenomenological approach, which focuses on personal experiences and perceptions, the study provides a detailed account of how they navigate their doctoral journey in difficult and often uncertain circumstances.