Employees of the 'Dienst Vervoer en Ondersteuning' (DV&O, translation: Transport and Support Service) are responsible for transporting detainees, a complex group that often struggles with addiction and psychological issues. “Our research has shown that over the past ten years, personnel have actually faced less aggression and violence. Additionally, the severity of incidents that did occur was rated as ‘low,’” says Dore Alkemade. “This contradicts the common perception of an increasingly rough society in which aggression is on the rise. We do not see this trend reflected in detainee transport.”
The most obvious explanation is the strong effect of proper interpersonal conduct. Lead researcher Hester Paanakker explains: “By this, we mean that employees are aware of how to approach others to prevent escalation.” This includes maintaining a friendly demeanor, being respectful yet firm and setting boundaries when necessary. “Empathy helps to diffuse tensions and frustrations at an early stage,” says the researcher. Additionally, there is a growing awareness that mirroring behavior—treating detainees the way they behave—has the opposite effect and actually increases risks.
Furthermore, employees are generally well-equipped to handle aggression and violence, reducing any potential negative impact. For instance, they often classify incidents as systemic criticism (directed at the uniform rather than the person), which helps them cope better. Organizational improvements, such as more efficient detainee transport and better information-sharing with employees, have also played a positive role.
Nevertheless, the risk of unsafe situations remains, the researchers conclude. This is particularly true when there is inadequate support from leadership or poor handling of incidents by the organization, which can lead to greater emotional or moral strain on employees. As a result, several recommendations have been made, including improving information access for staff, strengthening training programs on interpersonal conduct, and further professionalizing support and aftercare.
Photo credits: Dienst Vervoer en Ondersteuning (DV&O)