Abiotic stresses include drought, floods, salinity, extreme temperature, light stress, heavy metals, etc. Abiotic stresses adversely affect plant growth and development, largely limiting crop production and sustainability worldwide. Plants exhibit a variety of physiological, metabolic, and biochemical responses to stresses from the anatomical level to the molecular level. Photosynthetic apparatuses in the chloroplast are highly sensitive; their dynamic acclimation plays an essential role in increasing the fitness of plants under stress conditions. This thesis primarily investigates how the photosynthetic apparatus adapts to two critical types of abiotic stresses: water stress and light stress. The thesis provides insights into how plants adapt to water and light stresses and how their photosynthetic apparatus changes in response to different conditions. The findings may have implications for developing strategies for mitigating the effects of abiotic stresses on plants.
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